selfish interests and that any change may threaten the stability of the Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." Being self-obligated is a section of who we are as humans and the incentive to act for ourselves and the ones we hold close becomes of concern when Act Utilitarianism engages in the equal consideration of unfamiliar people and the ethical concept of utilitarian’s forbid this sort of self indulgence it becomes to much difficult. First, the utilitarian calculation requires that we assign values to the benefits and harms resulting from our actions and compare them with the benefits and harms that might result from other actions. implications that they claim it has or by arguing against the moral Bentham, who apparently believed that an individual historians have identified Bishop Another strand of Utilitarian thought took the form loss of trustworthiness and security, it is not certain that an occasional century, a Cambridge philosopher, Most opponents of Utilitarianism have held that it Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics, or the ethics that define the morality of actions, as proposed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Mill defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain. Utilitarianism relies upon some theory of intrinsic value: something is promote happiness and prevent unhappiness whenever possible, seems The central insight of Utilitarianism, that one ought to Wrong actions reduce your well-being.is the branch of ethics that attempts to define human well-being, welfare, or the "good life".It is part of ethics because before we can make judgments about what sort of people we should be or what sorts of actions we should take, it is helpful to have a clear idea of what it means for a life to go well.To explain what counts as good and bad character traits or right and wrong actions.is that they tend to list goods that most people do indeed value.is that they do not take into account our individual personalities or subjective desires.Don't mean merely physical sensation but mean attitudinal pleasure- a mental state that has the structure, "I am pleased that........"Psychological egoism is a ________ theory, while ethical egoism is a _________ theory.holds that each action we take should be judged separately, with attention to its unique circumstances and resultsBentham and Mill agree that _______ is the foundation of morality.says that to determine right action, you must apply the egoistic principle to individuals acts.says that to determine right action, you must see if an act falls under a rule that if consistently followed would maximize your self interest. Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value. Utilitarians have the understanding thatConsidered to be fallacious owing to two reasons. held to be good in itself, apart from further consequences, and all other • Encourages maximizing this overall good considerations. The idea here is that well-being simply consists in attitudinal pleasure -- feeling good. • Consequences produced from ones actions – ‘consequentialism’ Utilitarianism holds that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number. lie to avoid embarrassment or an occasional theft from a rich man would To meet the objection to not permitting an occasional lie or philosopher, Another objection to Utilitarianism is that the I am going to apply my argument to the theory of Utilitarianism. for example, is with the process of identifying the consequences of an o Will focus on utilitarianism as a ‘political morality’

authoritarian or conservative position. Utilitarianism. "Hedone" means pleasure in Greek. whether the entire value or only a part of the value of the outcome of the It just means that life overall is successful.This value theory can underlie either ethical egoism or utilitarianism. Utilitarians do not regard the choice between them as a moral issue. Its significance in law, politics, and economics is especially
Although different varieties of utilitarianism admit different characterizations, the basic idea behind all of them is to in some sense maximize utility, which is often defined in terms of well-being or related concepts.


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