Satellite 4-A was the first space vehicle to employ a radioisotope power supply (RIPS) and the first to switch power systems by command; 4-B was similarly configured.The history of Transit 4A and other early satellites in this 1979 report from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The navigation software used the satellite's motion to compute a 'trial' Doppler curve, based on an initial 'trial' location for the receiver. Launched 1962 - 1963. Most of the spacecraft surfaces were covered with solar cells for use with nickel-cadmium batteries. It may have been the first computer that implemented a single-cycle indirect addressing ability. The two frequencies were used to allow the refraction of the satellite radio signals by the ionosphere to be canceled out, thereby improving location accuracy.

It carried a SNAP 3 nuclear power source. Credit: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryAccomplishments: Transit 4A met all launch objectives. There were 41 satellites in the Transit series that were assigned the Transit name by NASA. Transit spacecraft were developed for updating the inertial navigation systems on board US Navy Polaris submarines, and later for civilian use. The software would then perform a If the receiver was also moving relative to the earth, such as aboard a ship or airplane, this would cause mismatches with the idealized Doppler curves, and degrade position accuracy. The Transit was a U.S. Navy satellite program to provide exact navigational positions regardless of surface weather.

The U.S. submarine version of the Transit system also included a special encrypted, more accurate version of the downloaded satellite's orbital dataA network of ground stations, whose locations were accurately known, continually tracked the Transit satellites.

This article is about the communications satellite. This receiver, power supply, punched tape unit, and antennas could fit in a number of padded aluminum cases and could be shipped as extra cargo on an airline.

Transit IV-A Transit 4A (the cylindrical spacecraft at the bottom), with its companion payloads, before launch in 1961. However, positional accuracy could usually be computed to within 100 meters for a slow-moving ship, even with reception of just one two-minute Doppler curve. Other Geoceivers were taken out in the field in Antarctica during the summer and were used to measure locations, for example the movement of the Since no computer small enough to fit through a submarine's hatch existed (in 1958), a new computer was designed, named the AN/UYK-1 (TRW-130).In the AN/UYK-1 instruction set, the machine-language instructions had two operators that could simultaneously manipulate the arithmetic registers—for example, complementing the contents of one register while loading or storing another. Transit 4B was a US Navy navigation satellite launched by a Thor-DM21 Able-Star rocket. In addition, Transit 4A carried a nuclear power source SNAP-3 for testing.

At the equator this delay between fixes was several hours; at mid-latitudes the delay decreased to an hour or two. They measured the Doppler shift and transferred the data to 5-hole paper tape.
A Geoceiver was permanently located at the South Pole Station and operated by United States Geological Survey personnel.

Transit 4A, launched June 29, 1961, was the first satellite to use a radioactive power source (RTG) (a SNAP-3). The computer would also receive from the ship's inertial navigation system (SINS) a reading of latitude and longitude. The critical information that allowed the receiver to compute location was a unique frequency curve caused by the Calculating the most likely receiver location was not a trivial exercise. Since it was located on the surface of a moving ice sheet, its data was used to measure the ice sheet movement. This was the navigation criterion demanded by the U.S. Navy, since American submarines would normally expose their UHF antenna for only 2 minutes to obtain a usable Transit fix.
In the 1970s, the After 1996, the satellites were kept in use for the Navy Ionospheric Monitoring System (NIMS).The orbits of the Transit satellites were chosen to cover the entire Earth; they crossed over the poles and were spread out at the equator. Therefore, unlike GPS, there was not an immediate accurate location of the Geoceiver location. The Transit was a U.S. Navy satellite program to provide exact navigational positions regardless of surface weather. The data from the fixed ground stations provided the location information on the Transit satellite orbit. Data was taken over a period of time, typically a week, and sent back to the Satellite Control Center for processing.

During a satellite pass, a GE receiver would receive the orbital parameters and encrypted messages from the satellite, as well as measure the Doppler-shifted frequency at intervals and provide this data to the AN/UYK-1 computer. The satellite, called Transit 4A, launched on June 29, 1961 atop a Thor-DM21 Able-Star rocket.

Transit 4A, 4B Navigation satellite built by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) for USN, USA. Its shape was nearly cylindrical (22-faced right prisms plus a base and top), 109 cm in diameter, and 79 cm in height. Transit 4A - Orbit: Home | Info. Transit 4B (1961) also had a SNAP-3 RTG. Satellite predictions and other astronomical data customised for your location. It was launched with two other spacecraft from the same launch vehicle. Since only one satellite was usually visible at any given time, fixes could be made only when one of the satellites was above the horizon.


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